Research Article
Toxicity Risks Associated with the Use of Untreated Pig Slurry as Organic Amendment by Farmers in the Commune of Kozah 1 (Togo)
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
140-146
Received:
19 July 2025
Accepted:
25 September 2025
Published:
17 October 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjc.20251305.11
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Abstract: The increasing use of untreated pig slurry as an organic amendment in Kozah 1 (Togo) raises environmental and public health concerns. A preliminary survey revealed that 80% of farmers apply raw slurry directly to crops, while 20% discharge it into the environment, from where it is often collected by market gardeners. This study assesses the fertilizing potential and toxicity risks associated with such practices. Samples were collected from ten randomly selected pig farms in Lama canton, a zone dominated by small-scale artisanal pig farming. In each pit, stratified sampling targeted the surface, middle, and bottom layers using a sterile bucket mounted on a 1.5-meter pole. Each layer (500 mL) was homogenized into a composite sample per site. Samples were kept at 4°C until physico-chemical and microbiological analyses. The slurry showed a high organic matter content (730 ± 1.1 g/kgDM) and macronutrients (N = 21 ± 0.2, P2O5 = 25 ± 0.2, K2O = 38 ± 0.4 g/kgDM), but a low C/N ratio (5.2), indicating instability. Pathogens (E. coli, Salmonella) and elevated nitrate and phosphate levels were also detected, suggesting health and water pollution risks. The findings underscore the need for pretreatment methods such as co-composting to reduce pathogenic loads and stabilize nutrients for safer agricultural use.
Abstract: The increasing use of untreated pig slurry as an organic amendment in Kozah 1 (Togo) raises environmental and public health concerns. A preliminary survey revealed that 80% of farmers apply raw slurry directly to crops, while 20% discharge it into the environment, from where it is often collected by market gardeners. This study assesses the fertili...
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Research Article
Analysis of Environmental and Health Risks Linked to the Use of Chemical Coating Products in the Commune of Tchaoudjo 1
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 5, October 2025
Pages:
147-154
Received:
22 July 2025
Accepted:
25 September 2025
Published:
17 October 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjc.20251305.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: This innovative study assesses the environmental and health risks associated with the use of chemical coating products in the commune of Tchaoudjo 1 (Togo), a context marked by informality and the absence of strict regulations. It combines, in an unprecedented way, field surveys of artisans, chemical analyses of commonly used products (paints, varnishes, mastics, thinners) and a comparison with international standards. The results reveal a high use of solvent-based products containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals (chromium, lead, mercury). Waste management is alarming: 100% of liquid residues are discharged into the open air and 85% of plastic waste is burned, promoting the dispersion of toxic pollutants. The study highlights previously poorly documented risks, such as the presence of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), a carcinogen, and the domestic storage of hazardous substances. Although measured concentrations generally remain below regulatory thresholds, their accumulation and persistence represent a serious threat. By filling a significant regional knowledge gap, this research provides essential baseline data for public policies, while highlighting the urgent need for regulatory, awareness-raising, and substitution measures.
Abstract: This innovative study assesses the environmental and health risks associated with the use of chemical coating products in the commune of Tchaoudjo 1 (Togo), a context marked by informality and the absence of strict regulations. It combines, in an unprecedented way, field surveys of artisans, chemical analyses of commonly used products (paints, varn...
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Ogouvidé Akpaki
