| Peer-Reviewed

Evaluation the Effects of Salicylic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate on the Scent of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench) Flowers

Received: 17 May 2021     Accepted: 3 September 2021     Published: 19 November 2021
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Flowers of many plants emit scents, which are almost always a complex of small volatile organic compounds such as essential oils that they are the ones who give the fragrance of flowers and also have medicinal curative properties. So, the most common topic in the field of plant sciences, has been focused on improving flower’s quality and quantity by application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to modify growth and flowering patterns. For this purpose, a research was conducted at the research field of agricultural faculty of Zanjan university on purple coneflower during farming years of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 by application of salicylic-acid (0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mM) and methyl-jasmonate (0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 μM). In the first year of experiment, treatments were sprayed on plants (four plants per plot) in two stages (20 days apart). In the second year, they were also sprayed on remaining plants as the first year. The results indicated that the highest percentage of essential oils in the flower heads of purple coneflower was related to treatment of 100 mM salicylic acid and 50 μmol methyl jasmonate in the first year and treatments of 100 mM salicylic acid and 50 and 100 μmol methyl jasmonate in the second year. The highest percentage of total compounds of essential oils in the first year was related to treatment of 50 mM salicylic acid and 50 μmol methyl jasmonate and in the second year was related to treatment of 100 mM salicylic acid and 100 μmol methyl jasmonate. The identified compounds in the essential oils of purple coneflower samples included hydrocarbon monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes, hydrocarbon sesquiterpene, oxygenated sesquiterpenes and other compounds. The highest percentage of total compounds of essential oils in the first year was related to treatment of 50 mM salicylic acid and 50 μmol methyl jasmonate and in the second year was related to treatment of 100 mM salicylic acid and 100 μmol methyl jasmonate. Also, most of compounds increased in the second year compared to the first year.

Published in Science Journal of Chemistry (Volume 9, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.sjc.20210906.11
Page(s) 129-134
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Essential Oils, Fragrance, Purple Coneflower, Terpenes, Scent

References
[1] Aftab, T., Masroor, M., Khan, A., Idrees, M. & Naeem, M. (2010). Salicylic acid acts as potent enhancer of growth, photosynthesis and artemisinin production in Artemisia annua L. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 13: 183-118.
[2] Ahmadi Moghadam, Y., Piri, K. H., Bahramnejad, B. & Habibi, P. (2013). Methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid effects on the dopamine production in hairy cultures of Portulaca oleracea (Purslan). Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 2: 89-94.
[3] Ashrafi, M., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Rahimmalek, M. & Hamedi, B. (2012). Effects of foliar application of jasmonic acid (JA) on the essential oil chemical composition of Thymus daenensis Celak. Journal of Herbal Drugs, 3: 75-90.
[4] Azam, M., Song, M., Fan, F., Zhang, B., Xu, Y., Xu, C. & Chen, K. (2013). Comparative Analysis of Flower Volatiles from Nine Citrus at Three Blooming Stages. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14: 22346-22367.
[5] Creelman, R. A. & Mullet, J. E. (1997). Biosynthesis and action of jasmonates in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 48: 355-381.
[6] Darjazi, B. B. (2011). A comparison of volatile components of flower of page mandarin obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction and hydrodistillation. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5: 2839-2847.
[7] Divya, P., Puthusseri, B. & Neelwarne, B. (2014). The effect of plant regulators on the concentration of carotenoids and phenolic compounds in foliage of coriander. Food Science Technology, 56 (1): 101-110.
[8] Dong, H. D. & Zhong, J. J. (2001). Significant improvement of taxane production in suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis by combining elicitation with sucrose feed. Biochemical Engineering, 8: 145-50.
[9] Dudareva, N. & Pichersky, E. (2008). Metabolic engineering of plant volatiles. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 19: 181-189.
[10] Galliot, C., Stuurman, J., & Kuhlemeier, C. (2006). The genetic dissection of floral pollination syndromes. Curr. Opin. Plant Biology, 9: 78-82.
[11] Gao, X. P., Wang, X. F., Lu, Y. F.; Zhang, L. Y., Shen, Y. Y., Liang, Z. & Zhang, D. P. (2004). Jasmonic acid is involved in the water stress induced betaine accumulation in pear leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment, 27: 497-507.
[12] Gharib, F. A. L. (2006). Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, metabolic activities and oil content of basil and marjoram. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 4: 485-492.
[13] Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Malekpoor, F., Salimi, A., Golparvar, A. & Hamedi, B. (2017). Effects of foliar of the application chitosan and reduced irrigation on essential oil yield, total phenol content and antioxidant activity of extracts from green and purple basil. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 16 (6): 177-186.
[14] Hattan, J., Shindo, K., Ito, T., Shibuya, Y., Watanabe, A. & Tagaki, C. (2016). Identification of a novel hedycaryol synthase gene isolated from Camellia brevistyla flowers and floral scent of Camellia cultivars. Planta, 243: 959-972.
[15] Kim, H. J., Chen, F., Wang, X. & Rajapakse, N. C. (2006). Effect of methyl jasmonate on secondary metabolites of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54: 2327-2332.
[16] Knudsen, J. T., Eriksson, R., Gershenzon, J., & Stahl, B. (2006). Diversity and distribution of floral scent. Botanical Review. 72: 1-120.
[17] Kong, Y., Bai, J., Lang, L., Bao, F., Dou, X. & Wang, H. (2017). Floral scents produced by Lilium and Cardiocrinum species native to China. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 70: 222-229.
[18] Mirjalili, M. H., Salehi, P., Badi, H. N. & Sonboli, A. (2006). Volatile constituents of the flowerheads of three Echinacea species cultivated in Iran. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 21: 355-358.
[19] Mizukami, H., Tabira, Y. & Ellis, B. E. (1993). Methyl jasmonate induced rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in Lithospermum erythrorhizon cell suspension cultures. Plant Cell Reports, 12: 706-709.
[20] Morsy, N. F. S. (2017). Chemical Structure, Quality Indices and Bioactivity of Essential Oil Constituents. Active Ingredients from Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, 175-206.
[21] Norastehnia A., Sajedi R. H. & Nojavan-Asghari M. (2007). Inhibitory effects of methyl jasmonate on seed germination in maize (Zea mays): effect on α-amylase activity and ethylene production. General and Applied Plant Physiology, 33 13–23.
[22] Parven, S.; Mujammad Iqbal, R., Akram, M., Iqbal, F., Tahir, M. & Rafay, M. (2017). Improvement of growth and productivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) through foliar applications of naphthalene acetic acid, Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 38 (2).
[23] Raguso, R. A. (2008). Wake up and smell the roses: The ecology and evolution of floral scent. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 39: 549-569.
[24] Rao, M. V., Lee, H-il, Creelman, R. A., Mullet, J. E. & Davis, K. R. (2000). Jasmonic acid signalling modulates ozon-induced hypersensitive cell death. Plant Cell, 12: 1633-1646.
[25] Rodriguez-Saona, C., Crafts-Brandner, S. J., Paré, P. W. & Henneberry, T. J. (2001). Exogenous methyl jasmonate induces volatile emissions in cotton plants. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 27: 679-695.
[26] Rowshan, V. & Bahmanzadegan, A. (2013). Effects of salicylic acid on essential oil components in Yarrow (Achillea millefolium Boiss). International journal of sciences: basic and applied research, 2: 347-351.
[27] Saglam, C., Atakisi, I., Turhan, H., Kaba, S., Arslanoğlu, F. & Onemli, F. (2004). Effect of propagation method, plant density and age on lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) herb and oil yield. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 32: 419-423.
[28] Saisavoey, T., Thongchul, N., Sangvanich, P. & Karnchanatat, A. (2014). Effect of methyl jasmonate on isoflavonoid accumulation and antioxidant enzymes in Pueraria mirifica cell suspension culture. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 8 (9): 401-407.
[29] Shabani, L., Ehsanpour, A., Asghari, G. & Emami, J. (2009). Glycyrrhizin production by in vitro cultured Glycyrrhiza glabra elicited by methyl Jasmonate and salicylic acid. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 56: 621-626.
[30] Shivaji, R., Camas, A., Ankala, A., Engelberth, J., Tumlinson, J. H. & Williams, W. P. (2010). Plants on constant alert: elevated levels of jasmonic acid and jasmonate-induced transcripts in caterpillar-resistant maize. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 36: 179-191.
[31] Singh, A. & Dwivedi, P. (2018). Methyl-jasmonate and salicylic acid as potent elicitors for secondary metabolite production in medicinal plants. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7 (1): 750-757.
[32] Srividya, N., Davis, E. M., Croteau, R. B. & Lange, B. M. (2015). Functional analysis of (4S)-limonene synthase mutants reveals determinants of catalytic outcome in a model monoterpene synthase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112: 3332-3337.
[33] Ueda, J. & Saniewski, M. (2006). Methyl jasmonate-induced stimulation of chlorophyll formation in the basal part of tulip bulbs kept under natural light conditions. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 14 199–210.
[34] Wang, Y. D., Wu, J. C., & Yuan, Y. J. (2007). Salicylic acid-induced taxol production and isopentenyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis in suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. Cell Biology International, 31 (10): 1179-1183.
[35] Wartidiningish, N. & Geneve, R. L. (1994a). Seed source and quality influence germination in purpule coneflower (Echinacea purpuraea (L.) (Moench.). HortScience, 29: 1443-1444.
[36] William, A., John, G. & Hendel, J. (1996). Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ginsenosides of Panax quinquefolium. Journal of Chromatography, 775: 11-17.
[37] Zhao, J., Davis, L. C. & Verpoort, R. (2005). Elicitor signal transduction leading to production of plant secondary metabolites. Biotechnology Advances, 23: 283-333.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mahmood Mohebby, Seyed Najmeddin Mortazavi, Azizollah Kheiry, Jalal Saba. (2021). Evaluation the Effects of Salicylic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate on the Scent of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench) Flowers. Science Journal of Chemistry, 9(6), 129-134. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20210906.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Mahmood Mohebby; Seyed Najmeddin Mortazavi; Azizollah Kheiry; Jalal Saba. Evaluation the Effects of Salicylic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate on the Scent of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench) Flowers. Sci. J. Chem. 2021, 9(6), 129-134. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20210906.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Mahmood Mohebby, Seyed Najmeddin Mortazavi, Azizollah Kheiry, Jalal Saba. Evaluation the Effects of Salicylic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate on the Scent of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench) Flowers. Sci J Chem. 2021;9(6):129-134. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20210906.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.sjc.20210906.11,
      author = {Mahmood Mohebby and Seyed Najmeddin Mortazavi and Azizollah Kheiry and Jalal Saba},
      title = {Evaluation the Effects of Salicylic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate on the Scent of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench) Flowers},
      journal = {Science Journal of Chemistry},
      volume = {9},
      number = {6},
      pages = {129-134},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjc.20210906.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20210906.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjc.20210906.11},
      abstract = {Flowers of many plants emit scents, which are almost always a complex of small volatile organic compounds such as essential oils that they are the ones who give the fragrance of flowers and also have medicinal curative properties. So, the most common topic in the field of plant sciences, has been focused on improving flower’s quality and quantity by application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to modify growth and flowering patterns. For this purpose, a research was conducted at the research field of agricultural faculty of Zanjan university on purple coneflower during farming years of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 by application of salicylic-acid (0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mM) and methyl-jasmonate (0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 μM). In the first year of experiment, treatments were sprayed on plants (four plants per plot) in two stages (20 days apart). In the second year, they were also sprayed on remaining plants as the first year. The results indicated that the highest percentage of essential oils in the flower heads of purple coneflower was related to treatment of 100 mM salicylic acid and 50 μmol methyl jasmonate in the first year and treatments of 100 mM salicylic acid and 50 and 100 μmol methyl jasmonate in the second year. The highest percentage of total compounds of essential oils in the first year was related to treatment of 50 mM salicylic acid and 50 μmol methyl jasmonate and in the second year was related to treatment of 100 mM salicylic acid and 100 μmol methyl jasmonate. The identified compounds in the essential oils of purple coneflower samples included hydrocarbon monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes, hydrocarbon sesquiterpene, oxygenated sesquiterpenes and other compounds. The highest percentage of total compounds of essential oils in the first year was related to treatment of 50 mM salicylic acid and 50 μmol methyl jasmonate and in the second year was related to treatment of 100 mM salicylic acid and 100 μmol methyl jasmonate. Also, most of compounds increased in the second year compared to the first year.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Evaluation the Effects of Salicylic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate on the Scent of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench) Flowers
    AU  - Mahmood Mohebby
    AU  - Seyed Najmeddin Mortazavi
    AU  - Azizollah Kheiry
    AU  - Jalal Saba
    Y1  - 2021/11/19
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20210906.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.sjc.20210906.11
    T2  - Science Journal of Chemistry
    JF  - Science Journal of Chemistry
    JO  - Science Journal of Chemistry
    SP  - 129
    EP  - 134
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-099X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20210906.11
    AB  - Flowers of many plants emit scents, which are almost always a complex of small volatile organic compounds such as essential oils that they are the ones who give the fragrance of flowers and also have medicinal curative properties. So, the most common topic in the field of plant sciences, has been focused on improving flower’s quality and quantity by application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to modify growth and flowering patterns. For this purpose, a research was conducted at the research field of agricultural faculty of Zanjan university on purple coneflower during farming years of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 by application of salicylic-acid (0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mM) and methyl-jasmonate (0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 μM). In the first year of experiment, treatments were sprayed on plants (four plants per plot) in two stages (20 days apart). In the second year, they were also sprayed on remaining plants as the first year. The results indicated that the highest percentage of essential oils in the flower heads of purple coneflower was related to treatment of 100 mM salicylic acid and 50 μmol methyl jasmonate in the first year and treatments of 100 mM salicylic acid and 50 and 100 μmol methyl jasmonate in the second year. The highest percentage of total compounds of essential oils in the first year was related to treatment of 50 mM salicylic acid and 50 μmol methyl jasmonate and in the second year was related to treatment of 100 mM salicylic acid and 100 μmol methyl jasmonate. The identified compounds in the essential oils of purple coneflower samples included hydrocarbon monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes, hydrocarbon sesquiterpene, oxygenated sesquiterpenes and other compounds. The highest percentage of total compounds of essential oils in the first year was related to treatment of 50 mM salicylic acid and 50 μmol methyl jasmonate and in the second year was related to treatment of 100 mM salicylic acid and 100 μmol methyl jasmonate. Also, most of compounds increased in the second year compared to the first year.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

  • Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

  • Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

  • Department of Genetic Engineering and Plant Production, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

  • Sections